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Michigan Last Frost Dates by City

Why This Matters

Your Frost Date Is Your Planting Calendar

Michigan's last frost date is the single most important number in your gardening year. Everything — from when you start seeds indoors to when you transplant tomatoes — flows from this date. It varies by up to 6 weeks across the state.

Important: These are average last frost dates — not guarantees. Michigan is notorious for late cold snaps. Always watch your local forecast and be ready to cover plants through mid-May even in zone 6b.
City Reference Table

Last Frost Dates for Michigan Cities

CityZoneAvg Last FrostSafe Transplant DateFirst Fall Frost
Detroit / Metro area6bApril 15–22May 1–7Oct 20–27
Ann Arbor6aApril 20–27May 5–10Oct 15–22
Grand Rapids6aApril 25 – May 3May 10–15Oct 12–18
Lansing6aMay 1–8May 12–18Oct 8–14
Flint6aApril 28 – May 5May 10–15Oct 10–16
Muskegon6aApril 22–29May 7–12Oct 18–24
Kalamazoo5b/6aApril 28 – May 5May 10–15Oct 12–18
Benton Harbor6bApril 14–20Apr 28 – May 5Oct 22–28
Holland6bApril 20–26May 5–10Oct 20–26
Traverse City5b/6aMay 5–12May 18–24Oct 5–12
Alpena5bMay 10–17May 22–28Sept 30 – Oct 7
Cadillac5bMay 8–15May 20–26Oct 3–10
Bay City / Saginaw6aApril 30 – May 7May 12–18Oct 10–17
Gaylord5aMay 15–22May 28 – June 4Sept 24 – Oct 1
Marquette5bMay 12–19May 25–31Oct 1–8
Sault Ste. Marie5aMay 15–23May 28 – June 5Sept 22–29
Ironwood4bMay 20–28June 3–10Sept 15–22
Iron River4aMay 22–30June 5–12Sept 12–19
Lake Michigan Effect

Why Shoreline Dates Are Different

Cities within 20 miles of Lake Michigan often have later last frost dates in spring — despite being in warmer zones. Cold lake water keeps April and May temperatures lower near shore, even as inland areas warm up. This is the "spring delay" effect.

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Western shore: plant later in spring
Benton Harbor and Holland gardeners in zone 6b should wait until after May 5 to transplant tomatoes — even though their zone suggests late April. The cold lake keeps spring soil cool and frost risk elevated.
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Western shore: longer fall season
The payoff comes in fall — that same lake warmth extends the season 2–3 weeks beyond what zone alone suggests. First fall frost along the western shore often doesn't arrive until late October.
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Soil temperature vs. air temperature
Air frost date tells you when to stop covering. Soil temperature tells you when to plant. For tomatoes, wait until soil at 4 inches reaches 60°F. Soil thermometers cost $8 and are worth every cent.

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